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所属分类：Linux
nginx里使用伪静态是直接在nginx.conf 中写规则的，并不需要像apache要开启写模块(mod_rewrite)才能进行伪静态。
nginx只需要打开nginx.conf配置文件，在server里面写需要的规则即可。
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server { listen 80; server_name bbs.jb51.net; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /home/www/bbs; error_page 404 /404.htm; #配置404错误页面 location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; } #下面就是伪静态了 location /{ rewrite ^(.*)/equip(d+).html$ $1/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=$2 last; } access_log access_log off; } |
然后重启nginx服务器伪静态就生效了，这种维护起来很是不方便我们可以把它写在外部文件如bbs_nginx.conf中
在/home/www/bbs目录下创建bbs_nginx.conf文件并写入以下代码：
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ocation /{ rewrite ^(.*)/equip(d+).html$ $1/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=$2 last; } |
然后在上面的代码后面加上如下代码：
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include /home/www/bbs/bbs_nginx.conf; |
这样网站根目录中的bbs_nginx.conf伪静态规则，即可实现单独管理。
下面是一个实例：
1. 在使用.htaccess文件的目录下新建一个.htaccess文件，如下面一个Discuz论坛目录：
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vim /var/www/html/jb51/bbs/.htaccess |
2. 在里面输入规则，我这里输入Discuz的伪静态规则（这里仅增加Discuz的伪静态规则）：
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# nginx rewrite rule rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[w-]+.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last; rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+).html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last; # end nginx rewrite rule |
wq保存退出。
3. 修改nginx配置文件：
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vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf |
4. 在需要添加伪静态的虚拟主机的server{}中引入.htaccess文件：
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include /var/www/html/jb51/bbs/.htaccess; |
（备注：把路径改成你.htaccess文件的具体位置）
wq保存退出。
5. 重新加载nginx配置文件：
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/etc/init.d/nginx reload |
Nginx常用Rewrite伪静态规则：
伪静态规则是我们做伪静态的一个非常重的参数了，如果我们能理解得越多就可以快速的写出最优的伪静态代码了，下面给大家整理了一些例子，希望能给你有帮助。
本日志内容来自互联网和平日使用经验，整理一下方便日后参考。
正则表达式匹配，其中：
* ~ 为区分大小写匹配
* ~* 为不区分大小写匹配
* !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配
文件及目录匹配，其中：
* -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
* -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
* -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
* -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行
flag标记有：
* last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记，表示完成rewrite
* break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
* redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
* permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
一些可用的全局变量有，可以用做条件判断(待补全)
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$args $content_length $content_type $document_root $document_uri $host $http_user_agent $http_cookie $limit_rate $request_body_file $request_method $remote_addr $remote_port $remote_user $request_filename $request_uri $query_string $scheme $server_protocol $server_addr $server_name $server_port $uri |
结合QeePHP的例子
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if (!-d $request_filename) { rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last; rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last; break; |
多目录转成参数
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abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2 if ($host ~* (.*)/.domain/.com) { set $sub_name $1; rewrite ^/sort//(/d+)//?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last; } |
目录对换
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/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456 rewrite ^/(/d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last; |
例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下：
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if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) { rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break; } |
目录自动加“/”
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if (-d $request_filename){ rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent; } |
禁止htaccess
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location ~//.ht { deny all; } |
禁止多个目录
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location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ { deny all; break; } |
禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;
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location ~ ^/data { deny all; } |
禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求
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location /searchword/cron/ { deny all; } |
禁止单个文件
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location ~ /data/sql/data.sql { deny all; } |
给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志
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location ~(favicon.ico) { log_not_found off; expires 99d; break; } location ~(robots.txt) { log_not_found off; expires 7d; break; } |
设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒，并不记录访问日志
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location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js { access_log off; root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web; expires 600; break; } |
文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码，默认为403，方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite ^/ http://www.jb51.net/jb51.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志，减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
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location ~* ^.+/.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ { valid_referers none blocked *.jb51.net *.jbzj.net localhost 1.1.1.1; if ($invalid_referer) { rewrite ^/ http://www.jb51.net/jb51.gif; return 412; break; } access_log off; root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web; expires 3d; break; } |
只允许固定ip访问网站，并加上密码
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root /opt/htdocs/www; allow 208.97.167.194; allow 222.33.1.2; allow 231.152.49.4; deny all; auth_basic “C1G_ADMIN”; auth_basic_user_file htpasswd; |
将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件，增强seo效果
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/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last; |
将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent，那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/
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rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last; |
上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配
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rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last; rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last; |
这样/shanghai 也可以访问了，但页面中的相对链接无法使用，
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录，而我的rewrite不是的，所以没有效果
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if (-d $request_filename){ rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent; } |
知道原因后就好办了，让我手动跳转吧
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rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent; rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last; |
文件和目录不存在的时候重定向：
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if (!-e $request_filename) { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; } |
域名跳转
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server { listen 80; server_name jump.c1gstudio.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www; rewrite ^/ http://www.jb51.net/; access_log off; } |
多域名转向
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server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /opt/lampp/htdocs; if ($host ~ “c1gstudio/.net”) { rewrite ^(.*) http://www.jb51.net$1 permanent; } |
三级域名跳转
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if ($http_host ~* “^(.*)/.i/.c1gstudio/.com$”) { rewrite ^(.*) http://www.jb51.net$1; break; } |
域名镜像
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server { listen 80; server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www; rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.jb51.net/$1 last; access_log off; } |
某个子目录作镜像
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location ^~ /php { rewrite ^.+ http://www.jb51.net/ last; break; } discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite |
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rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)/.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last; rewrite ^/(space|network)/.html$ /$1.php last; rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last; discuz 7 rewrite rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[/w/-]+/.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last; rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page/%3D$4&page=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)/.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last; 给discuz某版块单独配置域名 server_name bbs.jb51.net news.jb51.net; location = / { if ($http_host ~ news/.jb51.net$) { rewrite ^.+ http://news.jb51.net/forum-831-1.html last; break; } } discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化 location ^~ /ucenter { location ~ .*/.php?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; } location /ucenter/data/avatar { log_not_found off; access_log off; location ~ /(.*)_big/.jpg$ { error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif; } location ~ /(.*)_middle/.jpg$ { error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif; } location ~ /(.*)_small/.jpg$ { error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif; } expires 300; break; } } jspace rewrite location ~ .*/.php?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; } location ~* ^/index.php/ { rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; } |
附现在常用cms替换
WordPress伪静态规则：
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location / { index index.html index.php; if (-f $request_filename/index.html){ rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break; } if (-f $request_filename/index.php){ rewrite (.*) $1/index.php; } if (!-f $request_filename){ rewrite (.*) /index.php; } } |
PHPCMS伪静态规则：
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location / { ###以下为PHPCMS 伪静态化rewrite法则 rewrite ^(.*)show-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/show.php?itemid=$2&page=$3; rewrite ^(.*)list-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/list.php?catid=$2&page=$3; rewrite ^(.*)show-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/show.php?specialid=$2; ####以下为PHPWind 伪静态化rewrite法则 rewrite ^(.*)-htm-(.*)$ $1.php?$2 last; rewrite ^(.*)/simple/([a-z0-9\_]+\.html)$ $1/simple/index.php?$2 last; } |
ECSHOP伪静态规则：
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if (!-e $request_filename) { rewrite "^/index\.html" /index.php last; rewrite "^/category$" /index.php last; rewrite "^/feed-c([0-9]+)\.xml$” /feed.php?cat=$1 last; rewrite “^/feed-b([0-9]+)\.xml$” /feed.php?brand=$1 last; rewrite “^/feed\.xml$” /feed.php last; rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5&page=$6&sort=$7&order=$8 last; rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5 last; rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 last; rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3 last; rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2 last; rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1 last; rewrite “^/goods-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /goods.php?id=$1 last; rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /article_cat.php?id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4 last; rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /article_cat.php?id=$1&page=$2 last; rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /article_cat.php?id=$1 last; rewrite “^/article-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /article.php?id=$1 last; rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 last; rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3 last; rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2 last; rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1 last; rewrite “^/tag-(.*)\.html” /search.php?keywords=$1 last; rewrite “^/snatch-([0-9]+)\.html$” /snatch.php?id=$1 last; rewrite “^/group_buy-([0-9]+)\.html$” /group_buy.php?act=view&id=$1 last; rewrite “^/auction-([0-9]+)\.html$” /auction.php?act=view&id=$1 last; rewrite “^/exchange-id([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?id=$1&act=view last; rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&integral_min=$2&integral_max=$3&page=$4&sort=$5&order=$6 last; rewrite ^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4 last; rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&page=$2 last; rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1 last; } |
SHOPEX伪静态规则 ：
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location / { if (!-e $request_filename) { rewrite ^/(.+\.(html|xml|json|htm|php|jsp|asp|shtml))$ /index.php?$1 last; } } |
SaBlog 2.0：
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# 只带月份的归档 rewrite "^/date/([0-9]{6})/?([0-9]+)?/?$" /index.php?action=article&setdate=$1&page=$2 last; # 无分类翻页 rewrite ^/page/([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&page=$1 last; # 分类 rewrite ^/category/([0-9]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&cid=$1&page=$2 last; rewrite ^/category/([^/]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&curl=$1&page=$2 last; # 归档、高级搜刮 rewrite ^/(archives|search|article|links)/?$ /index.php?action=$1 last; # 全数批评、标签列表、引用列表 带分页 rewrite ^/(comments|tagslist|trackbacks|article)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=$1&page=$2 last; # tags rewrite ^/tag/([^/]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&item=$1&page=$2 last; # 文章 rewrite ^/archives/([0-9]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=show&id=$1&page=$2 last; # RSS rewrite ^/rss/([0-9]+)?/?$ /rss.php?cid=$1 last; rewrite ^/rss/([^/]+)/?$ /rss.php?url=$1 last; # 用户 rewrite ^/uid/([0-9]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&uid=$1&page=$2 last; rewrite ^/user/([^/]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&user=$1&page=$2 last; # 舆图文件 rewrite sitemap.xml sitemap.php last; # 自界说链接 rewrite ^(.*)/([0-9a-zA-Z\-\_]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ $1/index.php?action=show&alias=$2&page=$3 last; |
Discuz 7伪静态规则 ：
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rewrite ^/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ /archiver/index.php?$1 last; rewrite ^/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /forumdisplay.php?fid=$1&page=$2 last; rewrite ^/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /viewthread.php?tid=$1&extra=page\%3D$3&page=$2 last; rewrite ^/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ /space.php?$1=$2 last; rewrite ^/tag-(.+)\.html$ /tag.php?name=$1 last; |
Typecho：
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location / { index index.html index.php; if (-f $request_filename/index.html){ rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break; } if (-f $request_filename/index.php){ rewrite (.*) $1/index.php; } if (!-f $request_filename){ rewrite (.*) /index.php; } } |
实例：shopex启用伪静态
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…… location / { if (!-e $request_filename) { rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?$1 last; } } …… |
