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所属分类：PHP学习
PHP服务缓存优化原理
Nginx 根据扩展名或者过滤规则将PHP程序请求传递给解析PHP的FCGI，也就是php-fpm进程
缓存操作码（opcode）
Opcode，PHP编译后的中间文件，缓存给用户访问
当客户端请求一个PHP程序时，服务器的PHP引擎会解析该PHP程序，并将其编译为特定的操作码文件，该文件是执行PHP代码后的一种二进制文件表现形式。默认情况下，这个编译好的操作码文件由PHP引擎执行后丢弃；而操作码缓存的原理就是将编译后的操作码保存下来，并放入到共享内存里，以便再下一次调用该PHP页面时重用它，避免了相同代码的重复编译。节省了PHP引擎重复编译的时间，降低了服务器负载，同时减少了CPU和内存的开销.
常用的PHP缓存加速软件
1)xcache
经测试，xcache效率更好、社区活跃、兼容PHP版本多
2)ZendOpcache
Apache公司自主研发软件，5.5版本以后自带，加enbale-opcache编译参数直接使用，但是软件稳定性有待检测
5.3版本以前经常使用的加速软件，随着5.5版本升级，和xcache等优秀软件的出现，社区活跃度开始下降
缓存软件首选xcahe、持续关注ZendOpcache...
xcache部署
1）下载xcache，添加为PHP扩展模块，编译安装
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[root@web01 tools]<span class="hljs-comment"># wget http://xcache.lighttpd.net/pub/Releases/3.2.0/xcache-3.2.0.tar.bz2 [root@web01 tools]# tar xf xcache-3.2.0.tar.bz2 [root@web01 tools]# cd xcache-3.2.0 [root@web01 xcache<span class="hljs-number">-3.2.0]# /application/php/bin/phpize [root@web01 xcache-3.2.0]# ./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/application/php/bin/php-config [root@web01 xcache-3.2.0]# make && make install ... Installing shared extensions: <span class="hljs-regexp">/application/php5.5.32/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20121212/ Installing header files: /application/php5.5.32/include/php/</span></span></span> |
2）配置php扩展生效
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<span class="hljs-section">[root@db02 application]<span class="hljs-comment"># vim /application/php/lib/php.ini <span class="hljs-attr">extension_dir = <span class="hljs-string">"/application/php5.5.32/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20121212/" extension = memcache.so extension = imagick.so extension = xcache.so</span></span></span></span> |
3）重启php后模块生效
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[root@db02 application]# <span class="hljs-regexp">/application/php/bin/php -m|<span class="hljs-keyword">grep <span class="hljs-string">"XCache" XCache XCache Cacher</span></span></span> |
4）xcache配置文件
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[root@db02 ~]# cat ~/tools/xcache<span class="hljs-number">-3.2.0/xcache.ini|egrep -v <span class="hljs-string">"^;|^ " >> /application/php/lib/php.ini [xcache-common] extension = xcache.so #模块 [xcache.admin] xcache.admin.enable_auth = On #开启密码认证 xcache.admin.user = "mOo" xcache.admin.pass = "md5 encrypted password" [xcache] xcache.shm_scheme = "mmap" #设置Xcache如何从系统分配共享内存 xcache.size = 60M #缓存大小，0禁止缓存 xcache.count = 1 #指定将xcache切分为多少块，建议与CPU核数相同（grep -c processor /<span class="hljs-keyword">proc/cpuinfo）<span class="hljs-title"> xcache.slots = 8K xcache.ttl = 0 #设置cache对象生存期TTL，0永不过期；如果上线次数多，调小 xcache.gc_interval = 0 #回收器扫描过期的对象回收内存空间的间隔，0不扫描 xcache.var_size = 4M #变量缓存，而不是opcache缓存 xcache.var_count = 1 xcache.var_slots = 8K xcache.var_ttl = 0 xcache.var_maxttl = 0 xcache.var_gc_interval = 300 xcache.var_namespace_mode = 0 xcache.var_namespace = "" xcache.coredump_type = 0</span></span></span></span> |
5）查看PHP chache加载情况
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[<span class="hljs-name">root@db02 ~]# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm -v PHP <span class="hljs-number">5.5.32 (fpm-fcgi) (built: Jun 29 2016 11:32:56) Copyright (c) 1997-2015 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies with XCache v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 2005-2014, by mOo with XCache Cacher v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 2005-2014, by mOo</span></span> |
6）web界面配置
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[root@db02 ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># echo -n "123456"|md5sum e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e - [root@db02 ~]# cp ~/tools/xcache-3.2.0/htdocs /application/nginx/html/www/xadmin -a [root@db02 ~]# vim /application/php/lib/php.ini [Date] date.timezone = Asia/Chongqing [xcache.admin] xcache.admin.enable_auth = On xcache.admin.user = <span class="hljs-string">"admin" xcache.admin.pass = "e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e" [root@db02 ~]# pkill php-fpm [root@db02 ~]# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm </span></span> |
ab压力测试效果
1）未加xcache之前
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<span class="hljs-selector-attr">[root@db02 application]# <span class="hljs-selector-tag">ab -n 3000 -c 100 http:<span class="hljs-comment">//10.0.0.111/test_info.php # 3000次会话请求、100并发数 Server Software: nginx/1<span class="hljs-selector-class">.6.3 Server Hostname: 10.0.0.111 Server Port: 80 Document Path: /test_info.php #测试页面 Document Length: 83921 bytes #页面大小 Concurrency Level: 100 <span class="hljs-selector-id">#100并发数 Time taken for tests: 7.973 seconds #整个测试持续时间 Complete requests: 3000 #完成的请求总数 Failed requests: 302 #失败的请求次数 (<span class="hljs-attribute">Connect: <span class="hljs-number">0, Receive: 0, Length: 302, Exceptions: 0) Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 252203675 bytes #整个过程的网络传输量 HTML transferred: 251762675 bytes #HTML内容传输量 Requests per second: 376.25 [#/sec] (mean) #吞吐量，每秒能够处理的并发数 Time per request: 265.779 [ms] (mean) #平均事务响应时间 Time per request: 2.658 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) #每个连接请求实际运行时间 Transfer rate: 30889.42 [Kbytes/sec] received #平均每秒网络上的流量，可以帮助排除是否存在网络流量大导致响应时间延长的问题 Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 1 3.2 0 21 Processing: 14 261 32.2 261 331 Waiting: 2 260 32.4 260 331 Total: 29 261 29.9 261 331 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 261 66% 268 75% 273 80% 276 90% 287 #90%的请求任务在287ms内完成 95% 303 98% 315 99% 322 100% 331 (longest request)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span> |
2）配置xache之后
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[root@db02 application]# <span class="hljs-keyword">ab -n <span class="hljs-number">3000 -c 100 http://10.0.0.111/test_info.php Server Software: nginx/1.6.3 Server Hostname: 10.0.0.111 Server Por<span class="hljs-variable">t: 80 Document Path: /test_info.php Document Length: 172 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 0.516 seconds Complete requests: 3000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 3000 Total transferred: 969000 bytes HTML transferred: 516000 bytes Requests per second: 5819.42 [#/sec] (mean) #并发数上升为5000+ Time per request: 17.184 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.172 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 1835.62 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) <span class="hljs-built_in">min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 0 1.3 0 9 Processing: 6 17 2.1 16 21 Waiting: 0 17 2.2 16 21 Total: 7 17 1.6 16 21 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 16 66% 17 75% 18 80% 19 90% 19 95% 19 98% 20 99% 21 100% 21 (longest request)</span></span></span></span> |
由于是虚机测试环境，不一定十分准确，未安装xcache并发数在400-500，安装后并发数在5000左右，缓存效果提升10倍以上...
